Guides
Practical reference guides for peptide research — evaluating a vendor\u2019s certificates, what the FDA labels for the branded GLP-1 products actually specify, and the reconstitution arithmetic for the vial sizes vendors actually sell.
How to check peptide quality
What research peptides are, and how to tell whether a vendor's testing claims hold up.
Peptide Research Basics
What research peptides are, why doses are measured in micrograms, and what quality testing actually verifies.
How to Read a Certificate of Analysis
Which fields tie a certificate to a physical vial — and why a specimen page is a claim, not a certificate.
How to Verify a Certificate at the Laboratory
Checking a vendor's copy against the laboratory's own, and what a match does not prove.
How to dose GLP-1 peptides
The compound itself rather than one brand of it — what the approved products specify where they exist, and the trials themselves where none does.
How Is Retatrutide Dosed?
No approved product and no label — so the trials themselves, by registry number, arm and N.
How Is Semaglutide Dosed?
Ozempic’s and Wegovy’s schedules side by side, at the compound level rather than one brand’s.
How Is Tirzepatide Dosed?
Mounjaro’s and Zepbound’s schedules side by side, and the trials neither label cites.
How Is Survodutide Dosed?
No approved product — the trial doses as published, by registry number, and why that is not a schedule.
How Is CagriSema Dosed?
A fixed-dose combination in trials: what the published arms used, for both components at once.
How Is Cagrilintide Dosed?
No approved product and no completed Phase 3 of its own — the trial doses as published, and why that is not a schedule.
GLP-1 Titration Schedules, by Label
Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound and retatrutide — each escalation step as the approved label states it.
How Is Mazdutide Dosed?
Approved in China but not the US — read off the NMPA label rather than inferred from trials.
How Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro and the other approved brands are dosed
One approved product at a time, from its own prescribing information — the escalation schedule where the label sets one, and the fixed daily dose where it does not.
How Is Ozempic Dosed?
Semaglutide for type 2 diabetes: the label's escalation to a 2 mg maximum, and its boxed warning.
How Is Wegovy Dosed?
Semaglutide for weight management — a different schedule and trial program from Ozempic's.
How Is Mounjaro Dosed?
Tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes: the label's escalation schedule and the SURPASS trials.
How Is Zepbound Dosed?
Tirzepatide for weight management and sleep apnoea, and how it differs from Mounjaro.
How Is Foundayo Dosed?
Eli Lilly’s 2026-approved oral tablet — the label’s escalation, and how it differs from Rybelsus.
How Is Tesamorelin Dosed?
Egrifta WR and Egrifta SV read off their own labels — two approved products that both labels state are not substitutable.
How BPC-157, TB-500, ipamorelin and other research peptides are dosed
No approved product and no label: what the published human trials used where they exist, and what is missing where they don’t.
How Is BPC-157 Dosed?
The human pilot studies, the animal doses everything else rests on, and what is still unread.
How Is TB-500 Dosed?
Zero human trials of the fragment itself — what that leaves, and what it does not support.
How Is Ipamorelin Dosed?
The trials dosed it intravenously; the community dose is subcutaneous. The guide keeps them apart.
How Is CJC-1295 Dosed?
Two different molecules under one name — every published human study used the DAC form.
How Is GHK-Cu Dosed?
No injectable human trials at all — the topical studies, and how far they are from a vial.
How Is MOTS-c Dosed?
One recruiting trial and one analog — no completed human study of MOTS-c itself.
How Is NAD+ Dosed?
Every completed human trial used the intravenous route — not the subcutaneous one the calculator is scoped to.
How to reconstitute peptides
Getting from a vial to a syringe: what a water volume does to a concentration, worked for the sizes vendors actually sell.
Insulin Syringes and Injection Technique
Reading insulin syringe units, choosing a barrel size, and injection technique.
Retatrutide Calculator
Concentration and mcg per unit, worked across the eleven retatrutide vial sizes vendors carry.
Tirzepatide Calculator
Concentration and mcg per unit, worked across the seven tirzepatide vial sizes vendors carry.
Semaglutide Calculator
Concentration and mcg per unit, worked across the five semaglutide vial sizes vendors carry.